Papilloma refers to a benign structure, and its spread can occur on the skin surface and mucous membranes. Any kind of papilloma is caused by a virus invading the human body, but from the moment of infection, it may take more than a year to notice the initial manifestations.
Human papilloma
There may be many reasons for the appearance of papilloma, but the main way of infection is sexual contact. In addition, the virus can be spread through kissing, household items, and handshake. If there are wounds on the skin or mucous membrane surface, pathogens can easily invade the body. For example, swimming pools, saunas and bathtubs are dangerous sources.
After infection, the incubation period is about 3 months without any symptoms-it is difficult to diagnose the disease at this stage.
The main factors that can trigger the onset of disease include:
- Decreased immune system;
- smokes;
- Promiscuity
- Stressful situation;
- Abuse of alcohol;
- The early start of sexual activity;
- Violation of the metabolic process;
- Digestive tract diseases, especially ulcers and gastritis;
- Gynecological diseases: trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, thrush, ureaplasmosis;
- Frequent visits to bathrooms, saunas and swimming pools;
- Have sex with an infected human papillomavirus.
Usually, taking hormonal drugs (including birth control pills) will cause changes in hormone levels, which may be one of the factors that cause the disease.
Common symptoms
This pathological process itself has no symptoms-it all depends on the type and location of the formation. One of the symptoms of HPV is the appearance of warts on the skin or genital warts. These signs should not be ignored, because HPV is a carcinogenic disease.
In addition to skin lesions, other signs sometimes appear:
- Skin peeling;
- Itching;
- Redness of the skin area;
- Tingling sensation;
- Discomfort in the positioning area.
The stratum that appears may have several different shades from the color of the skin. In most cases, papillomas do not cause physical discomfort, but they can still be morally and aesthetically uncomfortable.
Types of papilloma
There are several types of papilloma:
- Sole
- flat;
- simple;
- Filamentous
- Pointy.
Flat papilloma
Flat papilloma is a slightly protruding structure above the skin, measuring only 1-2 mm. The shape of flat papilloma can be oval, round, and the most common is elongated. The main locations for this formation are facial skin, upper chest, lips area and external genitalia. In women, flat papilloma can be diagnosed by gynecological examination of the cervix.
When these strata are close to each other, they tend to merge with each other, causing them to become very eye-catching. The color of this type of formation may be slightly darker than the skin color or there may be no difference at all.
Sole
This type of papilloma is often confused with the corpus callosum, but there are still some symptoms that indicate the presence of plantar papilloma. These include:
- There are no patterns on the damaged skin. Generally, corn has a smooth surface and skin pattern.
- It hurts when the shoe is pressed on the papilloma.
- The external feature of papilloma is vulgar formation.
Plantar papilloma is very common in young children, and this type is easy to self-destruct. After the first nodule appears, small bubbles form and later become papilloma. This formation process is called mosaic papillomatosis.
simple
Simple condyloma acuminatum is divided into common type and vulgar type. This type appears when infected with HPV types 26-29, 41, 36, and 77. Vulgar papillomas are benign and usually have their own manifestations. The precursor of this formation is a slight tingling and burning sensation in a certain area of the skin, and then a small round nodule appears in this place. Then the surface of the strata began to peel off and the color became darker. The size of a simple papilloma can vary from 1 to 10 mm.
In most cases, this type of formation is located on the back of the palm, between the fingers and the fingers themselves. Many times, children in the knee area are diagnosed with simple papilloma. This arrangement is due to the fact that young children move directly on the knees, thus forming cracks and causing infection.
tip
Genital warts are papillary structures that can appear in groups or individually. As growth progresses, this type of condyloma tends to fuse with each other, resulting in a comb-like surface. The color of the pointed structure may not be any different from skin color, and it also has a bright pink.
Genital warts are caused by HPV infection that is transmitted through sexual contact. Therefore, the positioning of this structure usually occurs in the perineum, genitals, anus, and groin. When men are infected with HPV, the reproductive organs in the urethra and the penis itself will be affected; women may affect the cervix and vagina.
Pointed papillomas are characterized by rapid growth, and their fusion and damage to healthy areas of the skin may occur in just a few days. After this type of treatment, it often recurs. When diagnosing diseases, infections such as chlamydia and mycoplasma can be detected at the same time.
Filamentous
Filamentous warts are located in thinner areas of the skin and are elongated and elongated. This form of papilloma is caused by type 2 and type 7 HPV. At the beginning of the enchantment, a small bump appeared on the skin, which stretched and drooped after a while.
Filamentous papilloma is most common in men and women over 40 years of age. Their positioning occurs in the groin and armpit area, neck and upper eyelids. This kind of formation is very thin, so it is often injured due to movements or clothes.
localization
Papilloma can appear on any part of the skin, but the most inconvenient is the formation on the face and the place where it is strongly rubbed by hard clothes. According to the structure of the skin and the characteristics of the virus, several parts of the body most often have formations:
- On the feet
- The skin surface of the face, hands, abdomen, back and neck area;
- Internal organs: intestine, esophagus, stomach, bladder;
- genitals;
- In the folds of the body: there is excess weight in the folds of the abdomen, in the armpits, under the breast, and in the groin.
Sometimes, papillomas can be found in the oral mucosa, chest ducts, and internal reproductive organs. When vegetation appears on the throat, the lumen of the respiratory tract becomes narrow, causing respiratory failure.
Papilloma in the throat
The appearance of papilloma in the mucous membrane of the throat is a pathological process without symptoms. It is very rare for patients to feel unwell or have any physical signs. But as the formation grows, the following symptoms may appear:
- Unpleasant and painful sensations in the throat;
- A feeling of being caught in the throat by a foreign body;
- Difficulty swallowing, including solid and liquid foods.
As the infection progresses, the papilloma begins to fill larger and larger areas of the throat, which can sometimes cause voice changes and shortness of breath.
Condyloma acuminatum in the throat may be caused by frequent smoking, childhood infectious diseases, frequent changes of sexual partners, and chronic diseases. In addition, frequent visits to public places (swimming pools and bathrooms) and decreased immunity may also be the reasons for the development of infections.
The treatment of such targeted genital warts can be medically treated through the use of antiviral and vitamin preparations. The presence of papilloma in the mouth requires surgical treatment, as this can cause the infection to spread throughout the body.
Female human papillomavirus
Women's HPV can be located on the breast, external genitalia, and internal genitalia. Papillomas on the cervix are warty structures with fuzzy edges. This pathological process can be considered as a carcinogen, and if it is not treated in time, it may develop into cervical cancer.
The main causes of condyloma acuminata on the cervix include:
- Frequent drug and alcohol abuse;
- Not complying with hygiene rules;
- Decreased immunity;
- Have sex with HPV carriers.
In addition, infections can occur in public places and during delivery from mother to child.
Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, burning vulva, and abnormal green or brown discharge, sometimes accompanied by an unpleasant smell.
For treatment, doctors use topical and drug treatments. Genital papilloma can occur not only in women, but also in men. The only difference is that in men, HPV is rarely carcinogenic.
Breast papilloma
Papilloma of the breast develops in the milk duct. When these pathological processes occur, women may notice the following signs:
- Burning and itching sensations;
- Red nipples;
- Brown or green discharge may appear on the nipples;
- When you press, you will feel soreness in your chest and spots may also appear.
Intraductal warts are not malignant, but with pathological changes and untimely treatment, the disease can form a malignant form, sometimes becoming the cause of breast cancer.
This formation is a nipple-like process, and its color is significantly different from skin color. The main factors affecting the development of breast papilloma are:
- Decrease the immune system;
- The presence of infectious diseases;
- Disruption of the ovaries;
- Obesity, impaired metabolic process;
- abortion.
Intraductal papillomas are susceptible to women who have bad habits, frequently change sexual partners, and have not given birth. The treatment of papilloma can only be performed by surgery, because this condition is considered to be a precancerous lesion and drug treatment is not suitable. Surgical treatment will not leave a very obvious scar on the surface of the breast. There are no preventive measures for this type of disease, so it is necessary to receive as many examinations as possible by gynecologists and mammologists, at least twice a year.
Papilloma on the tongue
Condyloma acuminata in the tongue is a papillary structure several centimeters long. The main cause of infection is household products, and it can also be spread through close contact with HPV patients. This localization of papilloma may even occur in children, because they often pull objects and toys into their mouths, and in most cases the baby’s immunity is reduced.
The localization of this papilloma requires surgical treatment, and then antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs are prescribed.
Papilloma treatment
The following methods are used to treat areas of skin affected by warts:
- Laser radiation is one of the commonly used methods to remove the stratum, and it is safe to treat women during pregnancy.
- High-frequency radiation or electrocautery is used for diathermy coagulation.
- Use radio waves to clot. In this way, a radio wave knife is used to remove the papilloma.
- Low temperature destruction-The formation is cleared because the formation is frozen by liquid nitrogen.
- Surgery-Use a scalpel to remove the papilloma, which allows you to remove a large area of the lesion.
To cure the disease, it is not enough to eliminate the source of infection. A comprehensive approach is needed, including antiviral drugs and drugs that boost the immune system.
Drugs designed to fight the virus help prevent recurrence and reduce the risk of cancer. The use of immunomodulators, minerals and vitamins will complement HPV treatment. Modern drugs cannot completely eliminate the virus in the body, but they can prevent the development of the disease and put it into a "dormant" state.
It is important to remember that treatment can only be performed by a qualified doctor; self-administration of drugs is strictly prohibited.
Human Papillomavirus: Treatment
In most cases, various techniques are used to treat HPV through surgery. After examining the patient, the doctor will prescribe removal methods based on the location of the ground, the presence, number and size of the legs. At the same time, a variety of drugs were prescribed for patients:
- Strengthen immunity;
- Vitamin
- anti-viral drug.
According to the test results, medication can be used repeatedly. The goal of medication is to stop HPV activity.
HPV treatment for women
There is no specific strategy for the treatment of female papilloma. The disposal of the stratum can only be carried out under the supervision of experts, who will provide accompanying advice on further treatment and prevention methods. It is very rare when this pathological process disappears on its own and does not return. Sometimes, even with a comprehensive approach, it is impossible to fully recover from this disease. Papilloma is characterized by frequent recurrence, so doctors recommend that such patients receive antiviral treatment several times a year.
Laser removal of papilloma
One of the popular and safe ways to remove genital warts is to use lasers. During the operation, the doctor uses a laser to act on the surface of the tumor and cauterize it. This method not only destroys the affected skin surface, but also prevents bleeding. After using the laser, the patient will not have any side effects and complications, and more importantly, no scars will be left on the body.
With the laser, the infected surface area can be removed at any depth, and the treatment can get you rid of a single and fused papilloma immediately. This method is suitable for diagnosing cervical papillomatosis. After the operation, the recovery period is about one month.
prevention
There are no specific preventive measures for HPV, but some measures can help reduce the risk of redevelopment of the disease. First of all, pay attention to personal hygiene, and deal with it in time if there is a cut. You can only use your own hygiene products: shoes, towels, combs, manicure, etc. Use condoms during sexual intercourse, especially when it involves unproven sexual partners. After that, the external genitalia need to be carefully toileted.